The Competition-Performance Relation: A Meta-Analytic Review and Test of the Opposing Processes Model of Competition and Performance

被引：217
作者：
Murayama, Kou [1 ]
Elliot, Andrew J. [2 ]
机构：
[1] Univ Munich, Dept Psychol, D-80802 Munich, Germany
[2] Univ Rochester, Dept Psychol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
来源：
PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN | 2012年 / 138卷 / 06期
关键词：
rivalry; attainment; productivity; goal structure; reward structure; ACHIEVEMENT GOAL ORIENTATIONS; CRITERION-RELATED VALIDITY; SCHOOL PHYSICAL-EDUCATION; SELF-REGULATORY PROCESSES; STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT; INTRINSIC MOTIVATION; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; ACADEMIC-ACHIEVEMENT; COGNITIVE ENGAGEMENT; PERCEIVED COMPETENCE;
D O I：
10.1037/a0028324
中图分类号：
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号：
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要：
What is the relation between competition and performance? The present research addresses this important multidisciplinary question by conducting a meta-analysis of existing empirical work and by proposing a new conceptual model-the opposing processes model of competition and performance. This model was tested by conducting an additional meta-analysis and 3 new empirical studies. The first meta-analysis revealed that there is no noteworthy relation between competition and performance. The second meta-analysis showed, in accord with the opposing processes model, that the absence of a direct effect is the result of inconsistent mediation via achievement goals: Competition prompts performance-approach goals which, in turn, facilitate performance; and competition also prompts performance-avoidance goals which, in turn, undermine performance. These same direct and mediational findings were also observed in the 3 new empirical studies (using 3 different conceptualizations of competition and attending to numerous control variables). Our findings provide both interpretational clarity regarding past research and conceptual guidance regarding future research on the competition-performance relation.
引用
收藏
页码：1035 / 1070
页数：36
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