Inhibition of return in schizophrenia: A review

被引:5
|
作者
Kebir, O. [1 ]
Ben Azouz, O. [1 ]
Amado, I. [2 ]
Tabbane, K. [1 ]
机构
[1] Hop Razi, Serv Psychiat B, Unite Rech DGRST Proc Cognitifs Pathol Psychiat 0, La Manouba 2010, Tunisia
[2] Univ Paris 05, Hop St Anne,Physiopathol Malad Psychiat U796, Fac Paris Descartes,Inserm, Serv Hosp Univ,Lab Rech, F-75014 Paris, France
来源
ENCEPHALE-REVUE DE PSYCHIATRIE CLINIQUE BIOLOGIQUE ET THERAPEUTIQUE | 2008年 / 34卷 / 03期
关键词
attention; inhibition of return; preattentive processes; schizophrenia; visuospatial orientation;
D O I
10.1016/j.encep.2007.07.006
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
Introduction. - Most visual environments contain more information than the human brain can process in real time. To overcome this limitation, the attention system acts as a filter by selectively orienting attention to specific regions of the visual field. This ability to orient attention can be reflected in covert shift processes of attention. Literature findings. - In a typical covert orienting task, subjects have to maintain fixation on a central cross and respond as quickly as possible to a target, which appears in a peripheral. box following a cue that summons attention to the direction where the target is going to appear (valid cueing) or to the contralateral direction (invalid cueing). When the cues are nonpredictive, the response characteristics critically depend on stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA). With short SOAs (< 300 ms), valid cues result in a reaction time advantage over invalid trials, which is due to a reflexive shift of attention towards the source of stimulation. In contrast, with longer SOAs, valid cues result in longer reaction times to the subsequent target. Discussion. - This phenomenon is known as the inhibition of return and is mostly thought to reflect an inhibitory mechanism protecting the organism from redirecting attention to previously scanned insignificant locations. Many studies have reported blunted or delayed inhibition of return in patients with schizophrenia. However, some authors reported normal amounts of inhibition of return. This can be partly explained by the use of manipulations of the covert orienting of the attention paradigm that is known to enhance the course of inhibition of return. Conclusion. - The deficit of inhibition of return seems to be time-stable and to be unrelated to psychopathology or length of illness. The contribution of neuroleptic medication to this deficit cannot be determined. Recent data suggest a deficit of inhibition of return in two human models of psychosis (dimethyltryptamine and ketamine). Further studies should clarify whether blunted inhibition of return might represent a trait marker of schizophrenia. (c) L'Encephale, Paris, 2008.
引用
收藏
页码:263 / 269
页数:7
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