Guilt cannot be separated from innocence. Human communities have developed many organizations in order to prevent violence. Myths and religions were conceived before the concept of practical rationality. Ethic and Law were founded upon Logos by ancient Greece. Guilt is a complex problem. Sophocle (in Oedipus tragedy) shows contradiction and ambiguity in the question of guilt. Oedipus is neither innocent nor guilty. An anthropological axis runs between Athens and Jerusalem. Good and Evil according to a dialectical opposition and confusion in the biblical tradition are the basis of guilty conscience without any possible disjunction. Philosophy has to bring to light the transition from Mythos to Logos and to explain the process of internalisation in conscience through the symbolic ambivalence. So, Ethic and Law will develop rational argumentation concerning human destiny. (C) 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
