Full randomness from arbitrarily deterministic events

被引:119
作者
Gallego, Rodrigo [1 ,2 ]
Masanes, Lluis [1 ]
De La Torre, Gonzalo [1 ]
Dhara, Chirag [1 ]
Aolita, Leandro [1 ,2 ]
Acin, Antonio [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] ICFO Inst Ciencies Foton, Castelldefels 08860, Barcelona, Spain
[2] Free Univ Berlin, Dahlem Ctr Complex Quantum Syst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
[3] ICREA, Barcelona 08010, Spain
关键词
D O I
10.1038/ncomms3654
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Do completely unpredictable events exist? Classical physics excludes fundamental randomness. Although quantum theory makes probabilistic predictions, this does not imply that nature is random, as randomness should be certified without relying on the complete structure of the theory being used. Bell tests approach the question from this perspective. However, they require prior perfect randomness, falling into a circular reasoning. A Bell test that generates perfect random bits from bits possessing high-but less than perfect-randomness has recently been obtained. Yet, the main question remained open: does any initial randomness suffice to certify perfect randomness? Here we show that this is indeed the case. We provide a Bell test that uses arbitrarily imperfect random bits to produce bits that are, under the non-signalling principle assumption, perfectly random. This provides the first protocol attaining full randomness amplification. Our results have strong implications onto the debate of whether there exist events that are fully random.
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页数:7
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