Effect of physiological activities on aluminum uptake in carrot (Daucus carota L) cells in suspension culture

Responses to aluminum (Al) of carrot (Daucus carota L.) cells in suspension culture (hereafter referred as ''carrot suspension cells'') were investigated under different physiological activities, The respiration rate of the cells at the logarithmic growth phase decreased when the external Al concentration increased, A similar tendency was observed for the ATP content of the cells when the external Al concentration of the medium increased, Decrease of about 50% of the respiration rate and of about 35% of the ATP content of the cells was observed at 300 mu M AlCl3 at 24 h, respectively, The Al content (total and citrate-insoluble Al) in cells increased when the external Al concentration increased, Both the respiration rate and the ATP content in cells were reduced when the culture temperature decreased or ATP synthesis inhibitors, namely CCCP (carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone) and DNP (2,4-dinitrophenol) were added, The addition of SHAM (salicylhydroxamic acid) did not affect the ATP content in cells, The Al content of the cells treated with 50 mu M Al together with SHAM was similar to that of the cells treated with only Al, However, the Al content of the cells increased when the cells were treated with 50 mu M Al together with CCCP, DNP, or a low temperature (15 degrees C), The content of citrate Al content in cells increased rapidly when ATP synthesis inhibitors were present or the culture temperature was low, There was a negative linear correlation between the Al content and the ATP content in cells, These results suggest that the cells containing a large amount of ATP and showing normal functions of the plasma membranes may display an apparent tolerance to Al by suppressing Al absorption into their cytoplasm at a cell suspension level.