Radiation protection during fluoroscopic interventions

Facts and figures about the frequencies of fluoroscopically guided interventions (FGI), typical patient exposures and occupational exposures are listed. Limits of radiation exposure do not exist for patients but only for occupationally exposed medical personnel. Measures for radiation protection of patients and personnel are explained. Nearly all technical radiation protection measures for patients also protect the personnel. To reduce the exposure of medical personnel, radiation protection equipment should be attached to the X-ray modality and personal radiation protection equipment should be worn. The diagnostic reference values and the obligation to report incidents, including the reporting criteria, are explained. The radiation protection of patients and personnel for FGI in Germany is well regulated by diagnostic reference values, reporting criteria, prescribed or recommended protective measures, personal dosimetry and the obligation to involve medical physics experts.