Rosetta's comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko sheds its dusty mantle to reveal its icy nature

被引：99

作者：

Fornasier, S. ^{[1
]}

Mottola, S. ^{[2
]}

Keller, H. U. ^{[2
,3
]}

Barucci, M. A. ^{[1
]}

Davidsson, B. ^{[4
]}

Feller, C. ^{[1
]}

Deshapriya, J. D. P. ^{[1
]}

Sierks, H. ^{[5
]}

Barbieri, C. ^{[6
]}

Lamy, P. L. ^{[7
,8
]}

Rodrigo, R. ^{[9
,10
]}

Koschny, D. ^{[11
]}

Rickman, H. ^{[12
,13
]}

A'Hearn, M. ^{[14
]}

Agarwal, J. ^{[5
]}

Bertaux, J. -L. ^{[15
]}

Bertini, I. ^{[6
]}

Besse, S. ^{[16
]}

Cremonese, G. ^{[17
]}

Da Deppo, V. ^{[18
]}

Debei, S. ^{[19
]}

De Cecco, M. ^{[20
]}

Deller, J. ^{[5
]}

El-Maarry, M. R. ^{[21
]}

Fulle, M. ^{[22
]}

Groussin, O. ^{[23
]}

Gutierrez, P. J. ^{[9
]}

Guettler, C. ^{[5
]}

Hofmann, M. ^{[5
]}

Hviid, S. F. ^{[2
]}

Ip, W. -H. ^{[24
,25
]}

Jorda, L. ^{[23
]}

Knollenberg, J.

Kovacs, G. ^{[5
,26
]}

Kramm, R. ^{[5
]}

Kuehrt, E. ^{[2
]}

Kuppers, M. ^{[16
]}

Lara, M. L. ^{[9
]}

Lazzarin, M. ^{[6
]}

Moreno, J. J. Lopez ^{[9
]}

Marzari, F. ^{[6
]}

Massironi, M. ^{[27
,28
]}

Naletto, G. ^{[18
,28
,29
]}

Oklay, N. ^{[5
]}

Pajola, M. ^{[28
,30
]}

Pommerol, A. ^{[21
]}

Preusker, F. ^{[2
]}

Scholten, F. ^{[2
]}

Shi, X. ^{[5
]}

Thomas, N. ^{[21
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,PMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Res Univ,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,Observ Paris,LESIA, 5 Pl J Janssen, F-92125 Meudon, France

[2] Inst Planetenforschung Asteroiden & Kometen, Deutsches Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Rutherfordstrafle 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

[3] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, IGEP, Mendelssohnstr 3, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany

[4] Jet Prop Lab, M-S 183-301,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA

[5] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Justus von Liebig Weg 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany

[6] Univ Padua, Dept Phys & Astron, Vicolo dellOsservatorio 3, I-35122 Padua, Italy

[7] CNRS, Lab Astrophys Marseille, UMR 7326, 38 Rue Frederic Joliot Curie, F-13388 Marseille 13, France

[8] Univ Aix Marseille, 38 Rue Frederic Joliot Curie, F-13388 Marseille 13, France

[9] Inst Astrofis Andalucia CSIC, C Glorieta Astron S N, Granada 18008, Spain

[10] Int Space Sci Inst, Hallerstr 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

[11] European Space Res & Technol Centre ESA, Sci Support Off, Keplerlaan 1,Postbus 299, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands

[12] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden

[13] Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, Bartycka 18A, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland

[14] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys & Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[15] UVSQ, Lab Atmospheres Milieux Observ Spati LATMOS, CNRS, IPSL, 11 Blvd Alembert, F-78280 Guyancourt, France

[16] European Space Astron Ctr ESA, Operat Dept, POB 78, F-28691 Madrid, Spain

[17] INAF, Osservatorio Via Venezia 1, I-35122 Padua, Italy

[18] CNR, IFN UOS Padova LUXOR, Via Trasea 7, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[19] Univ Padua, Dept Mech Engn, Via Venezia 1, I-35131 Trento, Italy

[20] Univ Trent, Via Mesiano 77, I-38100 Trento, Italy

[21] Univ Bern, Phys Inst, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

[22] Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, Via Tiepolo 11, I-34014 Trieste, Italy

[23] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, 38 Rue Frederic Joliot Curie, F-13388 Marseille 13, France

[24] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Astron, 300 Chung Da Rd, Chungli 32054, Taiwan

[25] Macau Univ Sci & Technol, Space Sci Inst, Macau, Peoples R China

[26] Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Budapest, Hungary

[27] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Geosci, Via G Gradenigo 6, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[28] Univ Padua, Ctr Studies & Act Space CISAS, Via Venezia 15, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[29] Univ Padua, Dept Informat Engn, Via Gradenigo 6-B, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[30] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA

[31] MTA CSFK Konkoly Observ, Konkoly Thege M Ut 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary

来源：

SCIENCE | 2016年 / 354卷 / 6319期

关键词：

EXPOSED WATER ICE; H2O ICE; NUCLEUS; SURFACE; OSIRIS; MORPHOLOGY; VIRTIS;

D O I：

10.1126/science.aag2671

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

The Rosetta spacecraft has investigated comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from large heliocentric distances to its perihelion passage and beyond. We trace the seasonal and diurnal evolution of the colors of the 67P nucleus, finding changes driven by sublimation and recondensation of water ice. The whole nucleus became relatively bluer near perihelion, as increasing activity removed the surface dust, implying that water ice is widespread underneath the surface. We identified large (1500 square meters) ice-rich patches appearing and then vanishing in about 10 days, indicating small-scale heterogeneities on the nucleus. Thin frosts sublimating in a few minutes are observed close to receding shadows, and rapid variations in color are seen on extended areas close to the terminator. These cyclic processes are widespread and lead to continuously, slightly varying surface properties.

引用

页码：1566 / 1570

页数：5

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