The role of Cefazolin in prophylaxis of central vein catheter-related infection in dialysis patients

Objective: Dialysis via central vein catheter (CVC) is a temporary procedure for dialysis in chronic renal failure and is suitable in patients without artery-venous fistula (AVE) or in whom their AVE needs almost two months to be mature. Infection is one of the most common and dangerous complications during this procedure., Controversies are reported regarding the use of prophylactic antibiotics before the insertion. This study was done to measure the role of prophylactic antibiotics therapy in prevention of infections. Methodology: This interventional study was conducted on end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients admitted to the referral hospital of Golestan province, Northeast of Iran for inserting CVC. In this study, 95 cases of ESRD were randomized into two groups. Intravenous Cefazolin (1 gram) was administered to the intervention or case group (54 patients) before CVC and control group had been administrated no antibiotic (controls=41). Data regards to the infection-free catheter survival, fever and any symptoms of infection were recorded during 45 days of followup. Data were entered into SPSS-15 software and analyzed with one-way ANOVA test. Relative risk (RR) was calculated and compared between the two groups. Results: Cumulative incidence was 15.2% and 27.1%, in cases and controls, respectively. Relative risk of infection was 1.78 fold in controls versus the cases, but it was not significant [RR=1.78; CI=1.141-2.421; P-value>0.05]. Conclusions: Relative risk of the infection was not significantly different in this study, but it could be suggested to try antibiotics before CVC and compare the results.