In the title compound, poly[[aqua(1,10-phenanthroline)-cobalt(II)]-mu(4)-dihydrogen benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylato], [Co(C10H4O8)(C12H8N2)(H2O)](n), each cobalt( II) cation has an octahedral geometry completed by one aqua O atom, three carboxy O atoms belonging to three H2TCB2-. anions (H2TCB2- is dihydrogen benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylate) and two N atoms from a 1,10-phenanthroline molecule. In the asymmetric unit, there are two half H2TCB2- anions lying about independent inversion centres. The bridging H2TCB2- anions have two coordination modes, viz. mu(2)-H2TCB2- and mu(4)-H2TCB2-, resulting in a two-dimensional coordination polymer. Furthermore, a three-dimensional network is formed by O-carboxy...O-carboxy hydrogen-bond interactions, with H...A distances in the range 1.69-1.82 Angstrom, and O-carboxy...O-water interactions, with H...A distances in the range 1.91-1.94 Angstrom.