Acute effects of virtual reality treadmill training on gait and cognition in older adults: A randomized controlled trial

被引:9
作者
Zukowski, Lisa A. [1 ]
Shaikh, Faisal D. [1 ]
Haggard, Alexa, V [1 ]
Hamel, Renee N. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] High Point Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, High Point, NC 27268 USA
[2] Univ Otago, Sch Physiotherapy, Dunedin, New Zealand
来源
PLOS ONE | 2022年 / 17卷 / 11期
关键词
ACUTE AEROBIC EXERCISE; DUAL-TASK WALKING; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; PHYSICAL-EXERCISE; FALL RISK; PERFORMANCE; AGE; EXERGAMES; INTERFERENCE;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0276989
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Introduction Everyday walking often involves walking with divided attention (i.e., dual-tasking). Exercise interventions for older adults should mimic these simultaneous physical and cognitive demands. This proof-of-concept study had a two-fold purpose: 1) identify acute cognitive and gait benefits of a single session of virtual reality treadmill training (VRTT), relative to conventional treadmill training (CTT), and 2) identify differences between those who reduced dual-task costs (i.e., responders) on gait or cognition and those who did not, after the session. Methods Sixty older adults were randomized to complete a single 30-minute session of VRTT (n = 30, 71.26.5 years, 22 females) or CTT (n = 30, 72.07.7 years, 21 females). Pre- and post-exercise session, participants performed single-task walking, single-task cognitive, and dual-task walking trials while gait and cognition were recorded. Gait variables were gait speed and gait speed variability. Cognition variables were response reaction time, response accuracy, and cognitive throughput. Dual-task effects (DTE) on gait and cognition variables were also calculated. Results Post-exercise, there were no group differences (all p>0.05). During single- and dual-task trials, both groups walked faster (single-task: F(1, 58) = 9.560, p = 0.003; dual-task: F(1, 58) = 19.228, p<0.001), responded more quickly (single-task: F(1, 58) = 5.054, p = 0.028; dual-task: F(1, 58) = 8.543, p = 0.005), and reduced cognitive throughput (single-task: F(1, 58) = 6.425, p = 0.014; dual-task: F(1, 58) = 28.152, p<0.001). Both groups also exhibited reduced DTE on gait speed (F(1, 58) = 8.066, p = 0.006), response accuracy (F(1, 58) = 4.123, p = 0.047), and cognitive throughput (F(1, 58) = 6.807, p = 0.012). Gait responders and non-responders did not differ (all p>0.05), but cognitive responders completed fewer years of education (t(58) = 2.114, p = 0.039) and better information processing speed (t(58) = -2.265, p = 0.027) than cognitive non-responders. Conclusions The results indicate that both VRTT and CTT may acutely improve gait and cognition. Therefore, older adults will likely benefit from participating in either type of exercise. The study also provides evidence that baseline cognition can impact training effects on DTE on cognition.
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页数:22
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