Can Multimodal Real-Time Information Systems Induce a More Sustainable Mobility?

Interest in advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) is increasing in modern cities, and more attention is given to real-time multimodal information. Through those systems, decision makers hope to achieve a shift from the car to alternative, environmentally friendly modes of travel. Few comprehensive assessments have been undertaken to verify the actual contribution of ATIS to such modal shift. In this paper, the effects on travel behavior of Optimod'Lyon, a multimodal real-time information navigator for the smartphone developed in Lyon, France, in 2013 and launched in May 2015, are assessed. To this end, a mixed method was adopted. A questionnaire was administered and focus groups were organized before and after the test of the application. A stratified sample of 50 people living in the metropolitan area of Lyon was also involved. The theory of planned behavior was used as the framework for the questionnaire design, which investigated attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. To evaluate behavioral change, data were analyzed through the use of parametric and nonparametric tests, factor analysis, and binary logistic regression. Survey participants were initially interested in Optimod'Lyon and showed a positive attitude toward its use. Before the test, they evaluated the travel planner positively but this lessened over time. After the test, use of the various travel modes remained stable. Consistency with regard to the most used mode and to behavioral patterns and attitudes was shown, strongly related to habits and to the frequency of past behavior.