Distribution of plastic polymer types in the marine environment; A meta-analysis

被引:579
作者
Erni-Cassola, Gabriel [1 ]
Zadjelovic, Vinko [1 ]
Gibson, Matthew I. [2 ,3 ]
Christie-Oleza, Joseph A. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Warwick, Sch Life Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England
[2] Univ Warwick, Dept Chem, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England
[3] Univ Warwick, Warwick Med Sch, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England
关键词
Microplastics; Marine ecosystems; Marine plastic debris; Polymer type; Environmental sinks; 20; MU-M; MICROPLASTIC POLLUTION; SURFACE WATERS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SEDIMENTS; SEA; ABUNDANCE; CONTAMINATION; PARTICLES; DEBRIS;
D O I
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.067
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Despite growing plastic discharge into the environment, researchers have struggled to detect expected increases of marine plastic debris in sea surfaces, sparking discussions about "missing plastics" and final sinks, which are hypothesized to be coastal and deep-sea sediments. While it holds true that the highest concentrations of plastic particles are found in these locations (10(3)-10(4) particles m(-3) in sediments vs. 0.1-1 particles m(-3) in the water column), our meta-analysis also highlights that in open oceans, microplastic polymer types segregated in the water column according to their density. Lower density polymers, such as polypropylene and polyethylene, dominated sea surface samples (25% and 42%, respectively) but decreased in abundance through the water column (3% and 2% in the deep-sea, respectively), whereas only denser polymers (i.e. polyesters and acrylics) were enriched with depth (5% in surface seawater vs. 77% in deep-sea locations). Our meta-analysis demonstrates that some of the most abundant and recalcitrant manufactured plastics are more persistent in the sea surface than previously anticipated and that further research is required to determine the ultimate fate of these polymers as current knowledge does not support the deep sea as the final sink for all polymer types.
引用
收藏
页码:691 / 698
页数:8
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