Estimation of freshwater and material fluxes from the Yangtze River into the East China Sea by using TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data

In order to determine material fluxes in rivers by non-contact methods, it is essential to estimate river discharge first. Although developed and optimized for open oceans, satellite radar altimetry has the potential to monitor variations in the levels of inland waters such as lakes and rivers. Making use of the concept of an 'assumed reference point', we converted TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimetry data on water level variations in the Yangtze River (Changjiang) to 'water level' data. We also used 'water level' time-series data and in situ river discharge to establish a rating curve. By use of the rating curve, we converted data on 'water level' derived from 7 years (1993-99) of TOPEX/Poseidon data to actual river discharge. On the basis of statistical correlation between discharge and nutrient concentration data collected in 1987-88 and in 1998-99, we estimated the total amounts of freshwater and material fluxes transferred by the Yangtze River during the 1990s. The result reveals that an overall, but very slight, increase in freshwater and material fluxes occurred during the 1990s. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.