Predictive value of ankle-brachial index for long-term events of ischemic stroke in hemodialysis patients

Objectives The ankle-brachial index is a noninvasive modality to evaluate atherosclerosis and is a predictive role for future cardiovascular events and mortality. However, few studies have evaluated its relation to long-term future ischemic stroke in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, we examined the relationship between ankle-brachial index and ischemic stroke events among hemodialysis patients in a seven-year follow-up. Methods A total of 84 patients were enrolled. Ankle-brachial index was assessed in January 2009. Primary outcomes included ischemic stroke. An ankle-brachial index < 0.9 was considered abnormal and 1.4 >= ankle-brachial index >= 0.9 to be normal ankle-brachial index. Results Mean values for ankle-brachial index were 0.98 +/- 0.21at study entrance. In addition, 28 patients encountered ischemic stroke in the seven-year follow-up. In univariate Cox regression analysis, old age (hazard ratio (HR): 1.065, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.030-1.102,p < 0.001), low seven-year averaged serum phosphate levels (HR: 0.473, 95% CI: 0.306-0.730,p = 0.001), and abnormal ankle-brachial index (HR: 0.035, 95% CI: 0.009-0.145,p < 0.001) were risk factors for ischemic stroke. In multivariate Cox regression analysis for significant variables in univariate analysis, abnormal ankle-brachial index (HR: 0.058, 95% CI: 0.012-0.279,p < 0.001) and low seven-year averaged serum phosphate levels (HR: 0.625, 95% CI: 0.404-0.968,p = 0.035) remained the risk factors for ischemic stroke. The risk of ischemic stroke was 3.783-fold in patients with abnormal ankle-brachial index compared with patients with normal ankle-brachial index (HR: 3.783, 95% CI: 1.731-8.269,p = 0.001). Conclusions These findings suggest that ankle-brachial index is an impressive predictor of future ischemic stroke among hemodialysis patients.