The environment of bright QSOs at z ∼ 6: star-forming galaxies and X-ray emission

被引:97
作者
Costa, Tiago [1 ,2 ]
Sijacki, Debora [1 ,2 ]
Trenti, Michele [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Haehnelt, Martin G. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England
[2] Univ Cambridge, Kavli Inst Cosmol, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England
[3] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
基金
欧洲研究理事会;
关键词
black hole physics-methods; numerical-cosmology; theory-large-scale structure of Universe; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MOVING-MESH COSMOLOGY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DARK-MATTER HALOES; PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; EARLY RELEASE SCIENCE; QUASAR HOST GALAXIES; Z-GREATER-THAN-5.7; QUASARS;
D O I
10.1093/mnras/stu101
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
We employ cosmological hydrodynamical simulations to investigate models in which the supermassive black holes powering luminous z similar to 6 quasars (QSOs) grow from massive seeds. We simulate 18 regions with densities ranging from the mean cosmic density to the highest Sigma peaks in the Millennium simulation volume. Only in the most massive haloes situated in the most overdense regions, can black holes grow to masses up to approximate to 10(9) M-circle dot by z similar to 6 without invoking super-Eddington accretion. Accretion on to the most massive black holes becomes limited by thermal active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback by z similar to 9-8 with further growth proceeding in short Eddington-limited bursts. Our modelling suggests that current flux-limited surveys of QSOs at high redshift preferentially detect objects at their peak luminosity and therefore miss a substantial population of QSOs powered by similarly massive black holes but with low accretion rates. To test whether the required host halo masses are consistent with the observed galaxy environments of z similar to 6 QSOs, we produce realistic rest-frame UV images of our simulated galaxies. Without strong stellar feedback, our simulations predict numbers of bright galaxies larger than observed by a factor of 10 or more. Supernova-driven galactic winds reduce the predicted numbers to a level consistent with observations indicating that stellar feedback was already very efficient at high redshifts. We further investigate the effect of thermal AGN feedback on the surrounding gas. AGN outflows are highly anisotropic and mostly energy driven, pushing gas at greater than or similar to 1000 km s(-1) out to tens of kpc consistently with observations. The spatially extended thermal X-ray emission around bright QSOs is powered by these outflows and is an important diagnostic of the mechanism whereby AGN feedback energy couples to surrounding gas.
引用
收藏
页码:2146 / 2174
页数:29
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