NK Cells Contribute to Protective Memory T Cell Mediated Immunity toChlamydia muridarumInfection

We previously reported that NK cells can promote type 1 T cell immune response that is essential for protection to a primary infection ofChlamydia muridarum. In this study, we have investigated the contribution of NK cells to memory T cells associated immunity during chlamydial infection. We have found that NK cell depletion led to impaired production of IFN-gamma by memory T cells upon re-stimulation with chlamydial antigensin vitro. Mice with depleted NK cells also exhibited reduced type 1 T cell recall responses, with increased production of IL-4 from CD4(+)T cells and a lower level ofChlamydia-specific IgG2a titers compared to control mice. In addition, Tregs response was significantly increased in mice with NK cell depletion. Moreover, NK cell-depleted mice showed an increased bacterial loads and more severe inflammatory pathological changes than control mice. These findings indicate that NK cells contribute to protective memory T cell associated immunity to chlamydial re-infection through modulating the cytokine pattern of T cell and inhibition of Tregs response.