An overview of the mathematical modelling of perovskite solar cells towards achieving highly efficient perovskite devices

Researchers have at different times focused on designing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) that are flexible yet highly efficient, to enable the fabrication of portable photovoltaic solar cell (PVSC) devices in large quantities. This upcoming organometal trihalide perovskite has high tendencies of being a highly efficient, yet inexpensive solar cell. This is because the solution processing method is carried out at a reduced temperature and increased solar to electricity conversion efficiency (>25%) obtained within few innovative years. The nanostructured morphology and film quality is essential in obtaining functional power conversion efficiency. It could be a great task for the two characteristics to be present, especially within solutions where very good films are in contact with smooth morphological surfaces. A fast increase in the energy conversion efficiency of these PSCs incorporated with metal halides has been recorded. The next line of research should be to extend the existing models to 3D explicit models of the meso-structured layer, to verify the 1D effective medium method discussed in the literature. Several models have been discussed to that effect. This review intensively discusses several perovskite models in a bid to understand PSCs. The challenges and future perspectives have also been highlighted.