Impacts of a Nanosized Ceria Additive on Diesel Engine Emissions of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants

被引:64
|
作者
Zhang, Junfeng [1 ]
Nazarenko, Yevgen [2 ]
Zhang, Lin [3 ]
Calderon, Leonardo [2 ]
Lee, Ki-Bum [4 ]
Garfunkel, Eric [4 ]
Schwander, Stephan [3 ]
Tetley, Teresa D. [5 ]
Chung, Kian Fan [5 ]
Porter, Alexandra E. [6 ,7 ]
Ryan, Mary [6 ,7 ]
Kipen, Howard [8 ]
Lioy, Paul J. [8 ]
Mainelis, Gediminas [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
[2] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08904 USA
[3] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Piscataway, NJ 08901 USA
[4] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ USA
[5] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, London SW7 2AZ, England
[6] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England
[7] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London SW7 2AZ, England
[8] Rutgers State Univ, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08901 USA
基金
英国自然环境研究理事会;
关键词
EXPOSURE;
D O I
10.1021/es402140u
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Fuel additives incorporating nanosized ceria have been increasingly used in diesel engines as combustion promoters. However, few studies have assessed the impact of these nanotechnology-based additives on pollutant emissions. Here, we systematically compare emission rates of particulate and gaseous pollutants from a single cylinder, four-cycle diesel engine using fuel mixes containing nanoceria of varying concentrations. The test fuels were made by adding different amounts of a commercial fuel additive Envirox into an ultralow-sulfur diesel fuel at 0 (base fuel), 0.1-, 1-, and 10-fold the manufacturer-recommended concentration of 0.5 mL Envirox per liter of fuel. The addition of Envirox resulted in ceria-concentration-dependent emission reductions of CO2, CO, total particulate mass, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These reductions at the manufacturer-recommended doping concentration, however, were accompanied by a substantial increase of certain other air pollutants, specifically the number of ultrafine particles (+32%), NOx (+9.3%), and the particle-phase benzo[a]pyrene toxic equivalence quotient (+35%). Increasing fuel ceria concentrations also led to decreases in the size of emitted particles. Given health concerns related to ultrafine particles and NOx, our findings call for additional studies to further evaluate health risks associated with the use of nanoceria additives in various engines under various operating conditions.
引用
收藏
页码:13077 / 13085
页数:9
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