Long-term outcome of Hepatitis B-positive renal allograft recipients after development of antiviral treatment

Background/Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can adversely affect the clinical outcome of kidney transplantation (KT). Short-term efficacy of lamivudine has been demonstrated for chronic hepatitis B in KT recipients (KTR). Methods: To clarify the long-term impact of antiviral treatment for HBV-positive KTR, we retrospectively reviewed 94 HBV-positive (male 73%) and 282 age/sex-matched HBV-negative patients who underwent KT from February 1997 to November 2009, after lamivudine had come into wide use. Results: Mean follow-up was 75.7 months. 56 patients received antiviral agent for prophylaxis, and other 18 for HBV reactivation. During follow-up, 15 died, with 5 deaths being HBV related. Although the patient survival rate was lower for HBV-positive than HBV-negative KTRs (89% vs. 94% at 5 years, 78% vs. 88% at 10 years, p = 0.031), graft survival was comparable (86% vs. 92% at 5 years, 73% vs. 81% at 10 years, p = 0.113). In multivariate analysis, ITBsAg positivity was a significant risk factor for patient death (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.14 - 4.20, p = 0.019), but not significant for graft loss (OR 1.64, 95% CI 0.94 - 2.86, p = 0.079). Of the 26 hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients, 14 experienced HBV reactivations, but all survived with stable liver chemistry, except for one who died of hepatocellular carcinoma. Among 57 HBeAg-negative patients, 12 died, whereas the remaining 45 survived without hepatic dysfunction. Conclusion: Long-term outcomes of HBV-positive KTRs may be favorable after antiviral agents have been introduced.