Intrinsic Ultralow-Threshold Laser Action from Rationally Molecular Design of Metal-Organic Framework Materials

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are superior for multiple applications including drug delivery, sensing, and gas storage because of their tunable physiochemical properties and fascinating architectures. Optoelectronic application of MOFs is difficult because of their porous geometry and conductivity issues. Recently, a few optoelectronic devices have been fabricated by a suitable design of integrating MOFs with other materials. However, demonstration of laser action arising from MOFs as intrinsic gain media still remains challenging, even though some studies endeavor on encapsulating luminescence organic laser dyes into the porous skeleton of MOFs to achieve laser action. Unfortunately, the aggregation of such unstable laser dyes causes photoluminescence quenching and energy loss, which limits their practical application. In this research, unprecedently, we demonstrated ultralow-threshold (similar to 13 nJ/cm(2)) MOF laser action by a judicious choice of metal nodes and organic linkers during synthesis of MOFs. Importantly, we also demonstrated that the white random lasing from the beautiful microflowers of organic linkers possesses a porous network, which is utilized to synthesize the MOFs. The highly luminescent broad-band organic linker 1,4-NDC, which itself exhibits a strong white random laser, is used not only to achieve the stimulated emission in MOFs but also to reduce the lasing threshold. Such white lasing has multiple applications from bioimaging to the recently developed versatile Li-Fi technology. In addition, we showed that the smooth facets of MOF microcrystals can show Fabry-Perot resonant cavities having a high quality factor of similar to 10(3) with excellent photostability. Our unique discovery of stable, nontoxic, high-performance MOF laser action will open up a new route for the development of new optoelectronic devices.