Cross stress adaptation: Phenomenon of interactions between homotypic and heterotypic stressors

Individuals have an inherent capacity to cope with stressors in the form of stress adaptation. Apart from stress adaptation there is another well documented phenomenon known as cross stress adaptation. In this, there is a reduction in stress responsiveness to a novel stressor (in which the adapted organism had never encountered previously) in previously exposed organisms with another stressor given in either continuous or intermittent. However, regarding the existence of cross stress adaptation, there are mixed reports revealing that the positive cross stress adaptation exists between altitude and heat stress; swim and inescapable shock stress, hypoxia and cold stress, psychosocial stressor and exercise. However, there are other reports which reveal the nonexistence of cross adaptation between forced swim and noise stress and cold and immobilized stress. The exact mechanisms responsible for cross stress adaptation are not defined and need to be investigated. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.