Recent numerical issues in finite element modeling of metal forming processes

A short introduction is given to the mechanical, thermal and numerical formulations for developing a simulation code for metal forming processes. Open thermal and mechanical problems are discussed: coupling with tools using different degrees of sophistication, coupling between solid and liquid and multi-material forming. Important numerical problems are considered: meshing, remeshing and adaptive remeshing, parallel processing and inverse methods. Finally physical coupling is reviewed with either the internal parameters description or the micro-macro approach.