Economic Assessment of an Integrated Membrane System for Secondary Effluent Polishing for Unrestricted Reuse

被引:34
作者
Bick, Amos [2 ]
Gillerman, Leonid [1 ]
Manor, Yossi [3 ]
Oron, Gideon [1 ,4 ,5 ,6 ]
机构
[1] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Inst Desert Res, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel
[2] Shenkar Coll Engn & Design, Dept Chem Engn, IL-52526 Ramat Gan, Israel
[3] Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Cent Virol Lab, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel
[4] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Ind Engn & Management, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel
[5] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Environm Engn Program, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel
[6] Jerusalem Coll Engn, Dept Ind Engn & Management, IL-96920 Jerusalem, Israel
关键词
effluent; membranes; optimization; renovation; reverse-osmosis; management modeling; TREATED WASTE-WATER; DESALINATION; DISINFECTION; OPTIMIZATION; GROUNDWATER; TECHNOLOGY; IRRIGATION; MUNICIPAL; DESIGN;
D O I
10.3390/w4010219
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Extra treatment stages are required to polish the secondary effluent for unrestricted reuse, primarily for agricultural irrigation. Improved technology for the removal of particles, turbidity, bacteria and cysts, without the use of disinfectants is based on MicroFiltration (MF) and UltraFiltration (UF) membrane technology and in series with Reverse Osmosis (RO) for dissolved solids removal. Field experiments were conducted using a mobile UF and RO membrane pilot unit at a capacity of around 1.0 m(3)/hr. A management model was defined and tested towards optimal polishing of secondary effluent. The two major purposes of the management model are: (i) to delineate a methodology for economic assessment of optimal membrane technology implementation for secondary effluent upgrading for unrestricted use, and; (ii) to provide guidelines for optimal RO membrane selection in regards to the pretreatment stage. The defined linear model takes into account the costs of the feed secondary effluent, the UF pretreatment and the RO process. Technological constraints refer primarily to the longevity of the membrane and their performance. Final treatment cost (the objective function) includes investment, operation and maintenance expenses, UF pretreatment, RO treatment, post treatment and incentive for low salinity permeate use. The cost range of water for irrigation according to the model is between 15 and 42 US cents per m(3).
引用
收藏
页码:219 / 236
页数:18
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