The effect of lipoic acid on acrylamide-induced neuropathy in rats with reference to biochemical, hematological, and behavioral alterations

Context: Acrylamide (ACR) is a well-known neurotoxicant and carcinogenic agent which poses a greater risk for human and animal health. Objective: The present study evaluates the beneficial effects of a-lipoic acid (LA) on ACR-induced neuropathy. Materials and methods: A total of 40 male rats were divided into four groups: a placebo group; LA-treated group, administered orally 1% (w/w) LA mixed with diet; ACR-treated group, given 0.05% (w/v) ACR dissolved in drinking water; and LA + ACR-treated group, given LA 1% 7 d before and along with ACR 0.05% for 21 d. After 28 d, blood samples were collected, the rats were decapitated, and the tissues were excised for the measurement of brain biomarkers, antioxidant status, and hematological analysis. Also, the gait score of rats was evaluated. Results: ACR-exposed rats exhibited abnormal gait deficits with significant (p<0.05) decline in acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and creatine kinase in serum and brain tissues, respectively. However, the lactate dehydrogenase activity was increased in serum by 123%, although it decreased in brain tissues by -74%. ACR significantly (p<0.05) increased the malondialdehyde level by 273% with subsequent depletion of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities and reduced the glutathione (GSH) level in brain tissue. Interestingly, LA significantly (p<0.05) improved brain enzymatic biomarkers, attenuated lipid peroxidation (LPO), and increased antioxidant activities compared with the ACR-treated group. Discussion and conclusion: These results suggested that LA may have a role in the management of ACR-induced oxidative stress in brain tissues through its antioxidant activity, attenuation of LPO, and improvement of brain biomarkers.