Urinary incontinence after uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal birth in primiparous women during the first year after birth

Introduction and hypothesis Urinary incontinence (UI) is associated with pregnancy and parity and can cause health problems for women. Our objective was to explore risk factors for UI and its effect on women's daily activities, psychological health and wellbeing 9-12 months postpartum in a low-risk primiparous population. Methods In this prospective cohort study, first-time mothers in a low-risk population with a spontaneous vaginal birth reported the occurrence of UI and its effect on daily activities and on their psychological health and wellbeing in a questionnaire completed 1 year after birth. Descriptive and comparative statistics were employed for the analysis. Results A total of 410 women (75.7%) completed the questionnaire. The self-reported rates of stress urinary incontinence, urge urinary incontinence and mixed urinary incontinence were 45.4%, 38.0% and 27.0% respectively. Neither the duration of the second stage of labour, the baby's head circumference or its birth weight were associated with the incidence of UI. There was an association between reported negative impact on daily activities and more negative psychological wellbeing (p < 0.001). Conclusions Urinary incontinence was common among primiparous women at 9-12 months postpartum. Women whose symptoms had a negative impact on their daily activities reported more psychological suffering.