Helicobacter pylori infection associated with high HbA1c and type 2 diabetes

Background Although the association between chronic Helicobacter pylori infection and type 2 diabetes has been suggested, findings have been inconsistent. This study evaluated the association between chronic H. pylori infection and glucose regulation. Materials and Methods We evaluated H. pylori infection status of participants recruited from the gastroenterology clinic at our hospital. At baseline, we performed blood tests including fasting plasma glucose, insulin, glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and other biochemical measurements. Insulin resistance and beta-cell function were assessed by homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR and HOMA-B, respectively). Results A total of 2070 participants were recruited. Those who had H. pylori infections had higher serum HbA1c levels and lower HOMA-B than those who did not (5.78% vs. 5.69%, P = 0.01 and 53.85 + 38.43 vs. 60.64 + 43.40, P = 0.009, respectively). They also had a significantly higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (8.97% vs. 5.57%, P = 002). Chronic H. pylori infection was significantly associated with high levels of HbA1c and type 2 diabetes in participants above 65 years old (P = 0.001) and decreased insulin secretion and sensitivity in those under 45 years (P = 0.05). Conclusions Long-term H.pylori infection is significantly associated with high levels of HbA1c and decreased insulin secretion in this Chinese population. Proper screening for H.pylori infection combined with regular monitoring of blood glucose and HbA1c levels might be effective for the early detection of glucose dysregulation and prevention of type 2 diabetes.