Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some commercial brands of candies and chocolates in Nigeria
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作者:
Iwegbue, C. M. A.
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Delta State Univ, Met & Trace Organ Res Grp, Dept Chem, Abraka 234, Delta State, Nigeria
Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Chem & Phys, ZA-4000 Durban, South AfricaDelta State Univ, Met & Trace Organ Res Grp, Dept Chem, Abraka 234, Delta State, Nigeria
Iwegbue, C. M. A.
[1
,2
]
Obi, G.
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Fed Univ Petr Resources, Dept Chem, Effurun, Delta State, NigeriaDelta State Univ, Met & Trace Organ Res Grp, Dept Chem, Abraka 234, Delta State, Nigeria
Obi, G.
[3
]
Tesi, G. O.
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Delta State Univ, Met & Trace Organ Res Grp, Dept Chem, Abraka 234, Delta State, NigeriaDelta State Univ, Met & Trace Organ Res Grp, Dept Chem, Abraka 234, Delta State, Nigeria
Tesi, G. O.
[1
]
Bassey, F. I.
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Univ Calabar, Dept Chem, Calabar, Cross Rivers St, NigeriaDelta State Univ, Met & Trace Organ Res Grp, Dept Chem, Abraka 234, Delta State, Nigeria
Bassey, F. I.
[4
]
Overah, L. C.
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Delta State Univ, Met & Trace Organ Res Grp, Dept Chem, Abraka 234, Delta State, Nigeria
Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Chem & Phys, ZA-4000 Durban, South AfricaDelta State Univ, Met & Trace Organ Res Grp, Dept Chem, Abraka 234, Delta State, Nigeria
Overah, L. C.
[1
,2
]
Martincigh, B. S.
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Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Chem & Phys, ZA-4000 Durban, South AfricaDelta State Univ, Met & Trace Organ Res Grp, Dept Chem, Abraka 234, Delta State, Nigeria
Martincigh, B. S.
[2
]
机构:
[1] Delta State Univ, Met & Trace Organ Res Grp, Dept Chem, Abraka 234, Delta State, Nigeria
[2] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Chem & Phys, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa
The concentrations and profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in 29 commercial brands of candies and chocolates commonly consumed in Nigeria with a view to providing information on the risks associated with the consumption of these products. The measurements were performed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after hexane/dichloromethane extraction and clean-up. The concentrations of the Sigma 16 PAHs in the candies and chocolates were in the range of 1.09-149.46 mu g/kg and 0.95-222.62 mu g/kg, respectively. The profiles of PAHs in these brands of candies and chocolates indicate dominance of low molecular weight PAHs (3- and 4-ring) over high molecular weight PAHs (5- and 6-ring). In this study, three samples of chocolate had PAH4 (benzo(a) anthracene + benzo(b) fluoranthene + benzo(a) pyrene + chrysene) concentrations above the 35 mu g/kg PAH4 limit in cocoa butter stipulated by European Commission Regulation no. 835/2011.
机构:
Nnamdi Azikiwe Univ, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Awka, NigeriaNnamdi Azikiwe Univ, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Awka, Nigeria
Aralu, Chiedozie C.
Okoye, Patrice-Anthony C.
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Nnamdi Azikiwe Univ, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Awka, Nigeria
Univ Nigeria, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Nsukka, NigeriaNnamdi Azikiwe Univ, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Awka, Nigeria
Okoye, Patrice-Anthony C.
Akpomie, Kovo G.
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Univ Nigeria, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Nsukka, Nigeria
Univ Free State, Dept Chem, Bloemfontein, South AfricaNnamdi Azikiwe Univ, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Awka, Nigeria
Akpomie, Kovo G.
Chukwuemeka-Okorie, Helen O.
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Michael Okpara Univ Agr, Dept Chem, Umudike, NigeriaNnamdi Azikiwe Univ, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Awka, Nigeria
Chukwuemeka-Okorie, Helen O.
Abugu, Hillary O.
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Univ Nigeria, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Nsukka, NigeriaNnamdi Azikiwe Univ, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Awka, Nigeria
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Harbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R ChinaHarbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China
Qi, Hong
Li, Wen-Long
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Harbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R ChinaHarbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China
Li, Wen-Long
Zhu, Ning-Zheng
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Harbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R ChinaHarbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China
Zhu, Ning-Zheng
Ma, Wan-Li
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Harbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R ChinaHarbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China
Ma, Wan-Li
Liu, Li-Yan
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Harbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R ChinaHarbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China
Liu, Li-Yan
Zhang, Feng
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Human Resources & Social Secur Dept Heilongjiang, Harbin 150001, Peoples R ChinaHarbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China
Zhang, Feng
Li, Yi-Fan
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Harbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R ChinaHarbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China
机构:
Nnamdi Azikiwe Univ, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Awka, NigeriaNnamdi Azikiwe Univ, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Awka, Nigeria
Aralu, Chiedozie C.
Okoye, Patrice-Anthony C.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Nnamdi Azikiwe Univ, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Awka, Nigeria
Univ Nigeria, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Nsukka, NigeriaNnamdi Azikiwe Univ, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Awka, Nigeria
Okoye, Patrice-Anthony C.
Akpomie, Kovo G.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Nigeria, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Nsukka, Nigeria
Univ Free State, Dept Chem, Bloemfontein, South AfricaNnamdi Azikiwe Univ, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Awka, Nigeria
Akpomie, Kovo G.
Chukwuemeka-Okorie, Helen O.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Michael Okpara Univ Agr, Dept Chem, Umudike, NigeriaNnamdi Azikiwe Univ, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Awka, Nigeria
Chukwuemeka-Okorie, Helen O.
Abugu, Hillary O.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Nigeria, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Nsukka, NigeriaNnamdi Azikiwe Univ, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Awka, Nigeria
机构:
Harbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R ChinaHarbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China
Qi, Hong
Li, Wen-Long
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R ChinaHarbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China
Li, Wen-Long
Zhu, Ning-Zheng
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机构:
Harbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R ChinaHarbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China
Zhu, Ning-Zheng
Ma, Wan-Li
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机构:
Harbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R ChinaHarbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China
Ma, Wan-Li
Liu, Li-Yan
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Harbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R ChinaHarbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China
Liu, Li-Yan
Zhang, Feng
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h-index: 0
机构:
Human Resources & Social Secur Dept Heilongjiang, Harbin 150001, Peoples R ChinaHarbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China
Zhang, Feng
Li, Yi-Fan
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R ChinaHarbin Inst Technol, IJRC PTS, State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China