A method is proposed which comprises placing a portland cement concrete or mortar sample with a harmless solution, based on a variety of anthocyanins, which acts as an indicator yielding a color which is visibly different in zones where an alkaline reserve exists (pH similar to 12) (green) from that observed in carbonated areas (pH <= 9) (blue). We firstly experimented with various solutions containing anthocyanins extracted from flowers and fruits, after which food colors commercialized in the European Union were utilized seeking to prepare a reproducible method. The tested products are three food colors coming from grape, black carrot and red cabbage obtained by means of extraction and later dehydrated by spray dying. The solutions which seem most appropriate to us contain 2.5% of color dissolved in a liquid where alcohol and water are mixed at a 70/30 ratio.
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Fed Univ Latin Amer Integrat, Latin Amer Inst Technol Infrastruct & Terr, UNILA, Foz Do Iguacu, BrazilFed Univ Latin Amer Integrat, Latin Amer Inst Technol Infrastruct & Terr, UNILA, Foz Do Iguacu, Brazil
Oliveira, Thays C. F.
Dezen, Bianca G. S.
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Fed Univ Latin Amer Integrat, Latin Amer Inst Technol Infrastruct & Terr, UNILA, Foz Do Iguacu, BrazilFed Univ Latin Amer Integrat, Latin Amer Inst Technol Infrastruct & Terr, UNILA, Foz Do Iguacu, Brazil
Dezen, Bianca G. S.
Possan, Edna
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Fed Univ Latin Amer Integrat, Latin Amer Inst Technol Infrastruct & Terr, UNILA, Foz Do Iguacu, BrazilFed Univ Latin Amer Integrat, Latin Amer Inst Technol Infrastruct & Terr, UNILA, Foz Do Iguacu, Brazil
机构:
US Army Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH USARowan Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA
Kennedy, Danielle
Watts, Benjamin
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US Army Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH USARowan Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA
Watts, Benjamin
Bly, Peter
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US Army Corps Engineers, Geotech & Struct Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USARowan Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA