Learning communities:A conceptualization and principles of learning and knowledge utilization

Learning communities are increasingly popular to promote the development of knowledge and skills at work. Learning communities are communities in which employees and experts from different organizations co-actively learn and innovate. Despite their seemingly added value in practice, scientific research into learning communities is underdeveloped: especially studies that explore the underlying mechanisms of learning in learning communi-ties are scarce. This is unfortunate because knowledge about the functioning of learning communities can provide useful insights on how to optimize learning in learning communities. In this article, we argue that research on learning and knowledge utilization in learning communities should take into account the unique characteristics of learning communities, such as their inter-organizational character and the dynamic transfer of knowledge gained in the learning community to the organization. We discuss directions for future research to understand the functioning of learning communities. With this fundamental knowledge, we can more effectively design learning communities that contribute to lifelong learning among the workforce.