A high-performance graphite-graphite dual ion battery based on AlCl3/NaCl molten salts

A novel double graphite dual ion battery (DIB) based on low-temperature inorganic molten salt (AlCl3/NaCl) electrolytes is first investigated. As a result, it is found that chlomaluminate ions are intercalated/de-intercalated at the cathode and metallic aluminum are dissolved and deposited at the anode. In addition, the self-discharge phenomenon of the DIB is systematically studied and found that it has obvious self-charging phenomenon due to the adsorption of the charged ions when standing at low voltage. Due to low cohesion and the relatively high working temperature for the inorganic molten salt, the DIB exhibits unexpected electrochemical performance. The initial capacity is 183.8 mAh g(-1) at 1 A g(-1), and the capacity is 132 mAh g(-1) even at 4 A g(-1). After 700 cycles, the capacity retention rate is 79.5% and the coulombic efficiency increase from 85.1% to 93.9%. Given the advantages of cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness, the DIB will play a decisive role in the future of aluminum-based batteries.