Mathematical Model Describing HIV Infection with Time-Delayed CD4 T-Cell Activation

A mathematical model composed of two non-linear differential equations that describe the population dynamics of CD4 T-cells in the human immune system, as well as viral HIV viral load, is proposed. The invariance region is determined, classical equilibrium stability analysis is performed by using the basic reproduction number, and numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate stability results. Thereafter, the model is modified with a delay term, describing the time required for CD4 T-cell immunological activation. This generates a two-dimensional integro-differential system, which is transformed into a system with three ordinary differential equations. For the new model, equilibriums are determined, their local stability is examined, and results are studied by way of numerical simulation.