The immune system represents our primary defense system against foreign intrusion, including pathogens as well as particles. In order to understand the potential toxicity of engineered nanomaterials of ever increasing sophistication, it is necessary to understand the sophistication of the immune system with its multiple, specialized cell types and soluble mediators. Moreover, it is important to consider not only material-intrinsic properties of the pristine nanomaterial, but also the acquired, context-dependent 'identity' of a nanomaterial in a living system resulting from the adsorption of biomolecules on its surface. The immune system has evolved to recognize a vast array of microbes through so-called pattern recognition; we discuss in the present review whether engineered nanomaterials with or without a corona of biomolecules could also be sensed as 'pathogens' by immune-competent cells. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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[11]
Boraschi D, 2012, NANOMEDICINE-UK, V7, P121, DOI [10.2217/nnm.11.169, 10.2217/NNM.11.169]
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Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Choi, Hak Soo
;
Ashitate, Yoshitomo
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Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Ashitate, Yoshitomo
;
Lee, Jeong Heon
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Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Lee, Jeong Heon
;
Kim, Soon Hee
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Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Kim, Soon Hee
;
Matsui, Aya
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Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Matsui, Aya
;
Insin, Numpon
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MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Insin, Numpon
;
Bawendi, Moungi G.
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MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Bawendi, Moungi G.
;
Semmler-Behnke, Manuela
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German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Ctr Munchen, Inst Lung Biol & Dis, Neuherberg, GermanyBeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Semmler-Behnke, Manuela
;
Frangioni, John V.
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Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02215 USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Frangioni, John V.
;
Tsuda, Akira
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Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
机构:
Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Choi, Hak Soo
;
Ashitate, Yoshitomo
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机构:
Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Ashitate, Yoshitomo
;
Lee, Jeong Heon
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机构:
Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Lee, Jeong Heon
;
Kim, Soon Hee
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h-index: 0
机构:
Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Kim, Soon Hee
;
Matsui, Aya
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机构:
Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Matsui, Aya
;
Insin, Numpon
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Insin, Numpon
;
Bawendi, Moungi G.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Bawendi, Moungi G.
;
Semmler-Behnke, Manuela
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Ctr Munchen, Inst Lung Biol & Dis, Neuherberg, GermanyBeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Semmler-Behnke, Manuela
;
Frangioni, John V.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02215 USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Frangioni, John V.
;
Tsuda, Akira
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USABeth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA