On the nature of the yield point phenomenon

被引:175
作者
Schwab, Rainer [1 ]
Ruff, Volker [1 ]
机构
[1] Karlsruhe Univ Appl Sci, Inst Mat & Proc, D-76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
关键词
Yield strength; Yield phenomenon; Yield behaviour; Steel; Luders effect; LOW-CARBON STEEL; LUDERS BAND; MILD-STEEL; UNIAXIAL TENSION; PLASTIC FLOW; DEFORMATION; STRAIN; IRON; BEHAVIOR; STRESS;
D O I
10.1016/j.actamat.2012.12.003
中图分类号
T [工业技术];
学科分类号
08 ;
摘要
Materials in which the yield point phenomenon occurs exhibit a characteristic drop in the stress strain curve at the end of the elastic (or mainly elastic) region. In most cases the subsequent plastic deformation takes place locally in deformation bands, often termed Luders bands. Although first described more than 150 years ago, the yield point phenomenon is not yet fully understood. In this paper, a new and simple macromechanical model is presented to explain the yield point phenomenon. It is based on three major points: (i) a realistic or true upper yield point, (ii) typical strain-hardening behaviour common to many materials and (iii) the triaxiality of the stress state that necessarily has to develop at the Luders front and that determines the stress level at the lower yield strength. The model is evaluated by experimental, analytical and numerical evidence. Combining all evidence, the model basically describes the yield point phenomenon correctly. It may also be applied to related strain-softening phenomena and it explains the comparatively low ductility of some nanocrystalline materials. (C) 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:1798 / 1808
页数:11
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