Molecular mechanisms underlying paracellular calcium and magnesium reabsorption in the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb

被引:14
作者
Alexander, R. Todd [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Dimke, Henrik [4 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Univ Alberta, Dept Physiol, 4-585 Edmonton Clin Hlth Acad,11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
[2] Univ Alberta, Dept Pediat, 4-585 Edmonton Clin Hlth Acad,11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
[3] Womens & Childrens Hlth Inst, Edmonton, AB, Canada
[4] Univ Southern Denmark, Inst Mol Med, Dept Cardiovasc & Renal Res, Odense, Denmark
[5] Odense Univ Hosp, Dept Nephrol, Odense, Denmark
基金
加拿大健康研究院;
关键词
calcium; claudins; magnesium; TAL; TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEIN; CHLORIDE CHANNEL GENE; RENAL MAGNESIUM; HENLES LOOP; BARTTERS-SYNDROME; SENSING RECEPTOR; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; CATION SELECTIVITY; CONVOLUTED TUBULE; MG2+ TRANSPORT;
D O I
10.1111/nyas.14909
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Calcium and magnesium are the most abundant divalent cations in the body. The plasma level is controlled by coordinated interaction between intestinal absorption, reabsorption in the kidney, and, for calcium at least, bone storage and exchange. The kidney adjusts urinary excretion of these ions in response to alterations in their systemic concentration. Free ionized and anion-complexed calcium and magnesium are filtered at the glomerulus. The majority (i.e., >85%) of filtered divalent cations are reabsorbed via paracellular pathways from the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb (TAL) of the loop of Henle. Interestingly, the largest fraction of filtered calcium is reabsorbed from the proximal tubule (65%), while the largest fraction of filtered magnesium is reclaimed from the TAL (60%). The paracellular pathways mediating these fluxes are composed of tight junctional pores formed by claudins. In the proximal tubule, claudin-2 and claudin-12 confer calcium permeability, while the exact identity of the magnesium pore remains to be determined. Claudin-16 and claudin-19 contribute to the calcium and magnesium permeable pathway in the TAL. In this review, we discuss the data supporting these conclusions and speculate as to why there is greater fractional calcium reabsorption from the proximal tubule and greater fractional magnesium reabsorption from the TAL.
引用
收藏
页码:69 / 83
页数:15
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