Does Conventional Implicit Association Test of Shyness Measure "Self-Shyness" or "Others-Shyness"?

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) measures implicit associations between attitude targets and attributes. Its structure and procedure facilitate investigation of the strength of associations between one target and attributes relative to that between the other target and the same attributes when two targets are contradictory (e.g., black/white and comfortable/uncomfortable). This structure can cause conceptual complexity about what the IAT measures, particularly when a counter category is not needed. Thus, using the Single-Target Implicit Association Test (ST-IAT), which allowed only one target category for pairing with attributes, this paper delineated the association measured in the conventional IAT for shyness: "self-shy" or "others-shy." Seventy-seven Japanese university students completed the self-report shyness scale, the conventional IAT, and two ST-IATs (i.e., self/others as target). Results showed that implicit shyness produced in the conventional IAT significantly and positively correlated with that in the self-targeted ST-IAT. Moreover, implicit shyness in the conventional IAT was significantly accounted for by those produced by the ST-IAT with self as target and those calculated in the ST-IAT with others as target in opposite directions.