PSR J2021+4026 IN THE GAMMA CYGNI REGION: THE FIRST VARIABLE γ-RAY PULSAR SEEN BY THE Fermi LAT

被引：69
作者：
Allafort, A. [1 ,2 ]
Baldini, L. [3 ,4 ]
Ballet, J. [5 ]
Barbiellini, G. [6 ,7 ]
Baring, M. G. [8 ]
Bastieri, D. [9 ,10 ]
Bellazzini, R. [4 ]
Bonamente, E. [11 ,12 ]
Bottacini, E. [1 ,2 ]
Brandt, T. J. [13 ]
Bregeon, J. [4 ]
Bruel, P. [14 ]
Buehler, R. [15 ]
Buson, S. [9 ,10 ]
Caliandro, G. A. [16 ]
Cameron, R. A. [1 ,2 ]
Caraveo, P. A. [17 ]
Cecchi, C. [11 ,12 ]
Chaves, R. C. G. [5 ]
Chekhtman, A. [18 ,19 ]
Chiang, J. [1 ,2 ]
Chiaro, G. [10 ]
Ciprini, S. [20 ,21 ]
Claus, R. [1 ,2 ]
D'Ammando, F. [22 ]
de Palma, F. [23 ,24 ]
Digel, S. W. [1 ,2 ]
Di Venere, L. [1 ,2 ]
Drell, P. S. [1 ,2 ]
Favuzzi, C. [23 ,24 ]
Ferrara, E. C. [13 ]
Franckowiak, A. [1 ,2 ]
Fusco, P. [23 ,24 ]
Gargano, F. [24 ]
Gasparrini, D. [20 ,21 ]
Giglietto, N. [23 ,24 ]
Giroletti, M. [22 ]
Glanzman, T. [1 ,2 ]
Godfrey, G. [1 ,2 ]
Grenier, I. A. [5 ]
Guiriec, S. [13 ]
Hadasch, D. [16 ]
Harding, A. K. [13 ]
Hayashida, M. [1 ,2 ,25 ]
Hayashi, K. [26 ]
Hays, E. [13 ]
Hewitt, J. [13 ]
Hill, A. B. [1 ,2 ,27 ]
Horan, D. [14 ]
Hou, X. [28 ]
机构：
[1] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[2] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[3] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
[4] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
[5] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA IRFU, Lab AIM,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
[6] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
[7] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
[8] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA
[9] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy
[10] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy
[11] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
[12] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
[13] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
[14] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
[15] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
[16] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEE CSIC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
[17] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy
[18] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
[19] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA
[20] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy
[21] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy
[22] INAF, Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
[23] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy
[24] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
[25] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan
[26] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan
[27] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England
[28] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France
[29] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA
[30] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France
[31] Univ Toulouse, GAHEC, UPS OMP, IRAP, F-31100 Toulouse, France
[32] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[33] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[34] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[35] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy
[36] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan
[37] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
[38] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
[39] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany
[40] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA
[41] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
[42] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
[43] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
[44] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
[45] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA
[46] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany
[47] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan
[48] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
[49] North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa
[50] Consorzio Interuniv Fis Spaziale, I-10133 Turin, Italy
来源：
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS | 2013年 / 777卷 / 01期
基金：
瑞典研究理事会;
关键词：
gamma rays: stars; pulsars: individual (PSR J2021+4026); stars: neutron; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; LIGHT CURVES; VELA PULSAR; X-RAY; SEARCH; VARIABILITY; MAGNETOSPHERE; DISCOVERY; ROTATION; SPECTRA;
D O I：
10.1088/2041-8205/777/1/L2
中图分类号：
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号：
0704 ;
摘要：
Long-term monitoring of PSR J2021+4026 in the heart of the Cygnus region with the Fermi Large Area Telescope unveiled a sudden decrease in flux above 100 MeV over a timescale shorter than a week. The "jump" was near MJD 55850 (2011 October 16), with the flux decreasing from (8.33+/-0.08) x 10(-10) erg cm(-2) s(-1) to (6.86+/-0.13) x 10(-10) erg cm(-2) s(-1). Simultaneously, the frequency spindown rate increased from (7.8 +/- 0.1) x 10(-13) Hz s(-1) to (8.1 +/- 0.1) x 10(-13) Hz s(-1). Significant (>5 sigma) changes in the pulse profile and marginal (<3 sigma) changes in the emission spectrum occurred at the same time. There is also evidence for a small, steady flux increase over the 3 yr preceding MJD 55850. This is the first observation at gamma-ray energies of mode changes and intermittent behavior, observed at radio wavelengths for other pulsars. We argue that the change in pulsed gamma-ray emission is due to a change in emission beaming and we speculate that it is precipitated by a shift in the magnetic field structure, leading to a change of either effective magnetic inclination or effective current.
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