Dermatophytosis in rabbits and guinea pigs - update of a zoonosis

Dermatophytosis is a common disease in German guinea pigs (38%) and rabbits (8%). Trichophyton mentagrophytes spp. are the most common fungal species isolated from guinea pigs.(> 90%) and rabbits (> 72%), while Microsporum canis occurs only rarely (< 3%). The disease is characterised by alopecia with dermal scaling and crusting. Younger animals are more often affected. Dermatophytes can be identified by microscopy of trichograms and preparations after cultivation, or by using molecular techniques (e.g. PCR). Effective therapy (ESCCAP guidelines) includes the treatment of affected animals with topical (e.g. enilconazole) and parenteral antifungals (e.g. itraconazole) as well as decontamination of their environment. Especially guinea pigs may be carriers of dermatophytes and the zoonotic potential of such carriers should be explored further and considered when human patients present with dermatophytosis.To prevent infections, owner education, veterinary examination and quarantine of new animals are advised.