The techniques of capillary electrophoresis on microchip have made great progress in recent years. This review focuses on progress in capillary electrophoresis, and other capillary techniques such as isoelectric focusing, isotachophoresis, free flow electrophoresis, and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. The material and fabrication technologies for microchips, microchip designs, channel geometries, sample manipulation and derivatization, detection, and the applications, especially to the separation of nucleic acids and proteins are discussed.