A Tightly Bound Quinone Functions in the Ubiquinone Reaction Sites of Quinoprotein Alcohol Dehydrogenase of an Acetic Acid Bacterium, Gluconobacter suboxydans

Quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) of acetic acid bacteria is a membrane-bound enzyme that functions as the primary dehydrogenase in the ethanol oxidase respiratory, chain. It consists of three subunits and has a pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) in the active site and four heme c moieties as electron transfer mediators. Of these, three heme c sites and a further site have been found to be involved in ubiquinone (Q) reduction and ubiquinol (QH(2)) oxidation respectively (Matsushita et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1409, 154-164 (1999)). In this study, it was found that ADH solubilized and purified with dodecyl maltoside, but not with Triton X-100, had a tightly bound Q, and thus two different ADHs, one having the tightly, bound Q (Q-bound ADH) and Q-free ADH, could be obtained. The Q-binding sites of both the ADHs were characterized using specific inhibitors, a substituted phenol PC16 (a Q analog inhibitor) and antimycin A. Based on the inhibition kinetics of Q(2) reductase and ubiquinol-2 (Q(2)H(2)) oxidase activities, it was suggested that there are one and two PC16-binding sites in Q-bound ADH and Q-free ADH respectively. On the other hand, with antimycin A, only, one binding site was found for Q(2) reductase and Q(2)H(2) oxidase activities, irrespective of the presence of bound Q. These results suggest that ADH has a high-affinity Q binding site (Q(H)) besides low-affinity Q reduction and QH(2) oxidation sites, and that the bound Q in the Q(H) site is involved in the electron transfer between heme c moieties and bulk Q or QH(2) in the low-affinity sites.