A Cluster of Deaths Involving 5-(2-Aminopropyl)Indole(5-IT)

被引:18
作者
Kronstrand, Robert [1 ,2 ]
Roman, Markus [1 ]
Dahlgren, Maria [1 ]
Thelander, Gunilla [1 ]
Wikstrom, Maria [1 ]
Druid, Henrik [3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Natl Board Forens Med, Dept Forens Genet & Forens Toxicol, Linkoping, Sweden
[2] Linkoping Univ, Div Drug Res, Linkoping, Sweden
[3] Natl Board Forens Med, Dept Forens Med, Linkoping, Sweden
[4] Karolinska Inst, Dept Oncol Pathol, Stockholm, Sweden
关键词
FATAL INTOXICATIONS; HEROIN OVERDOSE; BLOOD; METHYLONE; DRUGS; 5-IT;
D O I
10.1093/jat/bkt058
中图分类号
O65 [分析化学];
学科分类号
070302 ; 081704 ;
摘要
During 2012, the designer drug 5-(2-aminopropyl)indole emerged in Sweden, and became available at different web sites under the name 5-IT or 5-API. This compound is an indole derivative and a positional isomer of alpha-methyltryptamine. In this paper, we report the pathology and toxicology from 15 deaths involving 5-IT. Routine postmortem toxicology was performed in femoral blood, using a targeted screening for pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse with liquid chromatography time-of-flight technology, and positive results were quantified using chromatographic techniques. For 5-IT, a new method was developed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. In 11 cases, intoxication was the cause of death. Two cases were signed out as causa ignota, and they were considered to be natural deaths. All determinations of 5-IT were performed in femoral blood and the concentrations ranged from 0.7 to 18.6 mg/g. Two cases had 5-IT as the only drug identified, while the others presented with other psychotropic drugs or medications in the blood as well. Shortly after this series of deaths, 5-IT was scheduled as a hazardous substance according to the regulation Certain Goods Dangerous to Health on 18 September 2012 prohibiting the handling and selling of the drug. Since then, no positive cases have been found.
引用
收藏
页码:542 / 546
页数:5
相关论文
共 18 条
[1]   Sudden Cardiac Death Associated With Methylone Use [J].
Carbone, Peter N. ;
Carbone, David L. ;
Carstairs, Shaun D. ;
Luzi, Scott A. .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY, 2013, 34 (01) :26-28
[2]  
Cerletti A, 1968, Adv Pharmacol, V6, P233
[3]  
Druid H, 1997, J FORENSIC SCI, V42, P79
[4]   Evaluation of the role of abstinence in heroin overdose deaths using segmental hair analysis [J].
Druid, Henrik ;
Strandberg, Joakim J. ;
Alkass, Kanar ;
Nystrom, Ingrid ;
Kugelberg, Fredrik C. ;
Kronstrand, Robert .
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL, 2007, 168 (2-3) :223-226
[5]   AMT (3-(2-aminopropyl)indole) and 5-IT (5-(2-aminopropyl)indole): an analytical challenge and implications for forensic analysis [J].
Elliott, Simon P. ;
Brandt, Simon D. ;
Freeman, Sally ;
Archer, Roland P. .
DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS, 2013, 5 (03) :196-202
[6]  
JONES AW, 1989, J FORENSIC SCI, V34, P1116
[7]   Unintentional Fatal Intoxications with Mitragynine and O-Desmethyltramadol from the Herbal Blend Krypton [J].
Kronstrand, Robert ;
Roman, Markus ;
Thelander, Gunilla ;
Eriksson, Anders .
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2011, 35 (04) :242-247
[8]  
Murray BL, 2012, J MED TOXICOL, V8, P69, DOI 10.1007/s13181-011-0196-9
[9]   Three Fatal Intoxications Due to Methylone [J].
Pearson, Julia M. ;
Hargraves, Tiffanie L. ;
Hair, Laura S. ;
Massucci, Charles J. ;
Frazee, C. Clinton, III ;
Garg, Uttam ;
Pietak, B. Robert .
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2012, 36 (06) :444-451
[10]   Validation of new methods [J].
Peters, Frank T. ;
Drummer, Olaf H. ;
Musshoff, Frank .
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL, 2007, 165 (2-3) :216-224