Joint Correction of Ionosphere Noise and Orbital Error in L-Band SAR Interferometry of Interseismic Deformation in Southern California

The accuracy of L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) differential interferometry (InSAR) on crustal deformation studies is largely compromised by ionosphere path delays on the radar signals. The ionosphere effects cause severe ionospheric distortion such as azimuth streaking and long wavelength phase distortion similar to orbital ramp error. Effective detection and correction of ionospheric phase distortion from L-band InSAR images are necessary to measure and accurately interpret surface displacement. In this paper, we investigate the performance improvement of L-band InSAR interseismic deformation measurements in southern California through the joint correction of both ionosphere noise and orbital error. Our results show that this method can effectively remove orbit and ionosphere phase distortions. In comparison with in situ GPS measurements, the achieved InSAR measurement accuracy is improved from similar to 30 mm to similar to 10 mm by the proposed joint correction method. We show that, after the joint correction, the remaining atmosphere noise can be further mitigated through stacking, leading to an RMS error of similar to 4.7 mm/year in resultant line-of-sight velocity, as compared with similar to 11.3 mm/year before the correction. Our results demonstrate that the proposed joint correction technique provides a promising way to jointly correct orbital and ionospheric artifacts in L-band InSAR studies of crustal deformation.