Sustainable Development for a Secure Future: An Overview of Challenges and Key Solutions

The following issues discusses in the article: loss of biodiversity, poverty, climate change and environmental pollution. Currently, the world's population is growing rapidly, so food security of mankind in the XXI century remains an unsolved problem. The satisfaction of quantitative requirements in food products is the most important task. As it is solved, the following problem arises to meet the nutritional needs in terms of quality and environmental protection. Thus, the problems of ecotechnologies for eco-agriculture and eco-enterprises for sustainable food security come to the fore. Today, the Earth's biosphere is accumulating at an accelerated rate several chemical pollutants derived from anthropogenic activities in agriculture, manufacturing industry, nuclear, space, nano- and biotechnologies. Speaking about the loss of biodiversity, it should be noted that factory farming largely involves monocropping. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides (including herbicides) are used liberally. On the environmental side, chemicals and over exploitation of groundwater lead to degradation of land, aquifers and biodiversity. In a nutshell, the shift from exploitative to sustainable agriculture needs to be in the direction of using biologically-derived inputs than chemically-synthesized inputs to augment yield increase. It is important to note that for intelligent interaction with nature, it is necessary to form environmental knowledge among new generations.