An evaluation of the quality and content of web-based stoma information

Aim Although the internet is commonly the first port of call for medical information, it provides unregulated data of variable quality. We aimed to evaluate commonly accessed web-based information on intestinal stomas using validated and novel scoring systems. Method The keywords 'stoma', 'colostomy', 'ileostomy' and 'bowel bag' were entered into the most commonly used internet search engines (Google, Bing and Yahoo). The first ten websites from each search were analysed using the validated Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria and DISCERN scoring systems. A novel stoma-specific score was devised and applied. Results Forty-three unique websites were identified. The majority (49%) were from nonprofit or governmental agencies and 9% were from commercial entities. The mean total DISCERN score for all websites was 42.4 +/- 10.2 (maximum possible score = 75). The mean JAMA and stoma-specific scores were 2.1 +/- 1.0 (maximum possible score = 4) and 12.9 +/- 6.1 (maximum possible score = 27). The lowest JAMA scores were in the category of attribution, with 70% of websites lacking references for the information provided. A total of 88% displayed disclosure/paid advertiser information. Surgery was described in 67%. An image or diagram was provided in 58% and in 72% a stoma therapist/nurse was mentioned. Information on when to seek medical help was provided in 51%. Conclusion Web-based information on stomas is of variable content and quality. Authorship and information sources are often unclear. Only half provided information on when to seek medical help for complications including high output and dehydration. These findings should be highlighted to patients who utilize the internet to obtain information on stomas.