Rapid analysis of six phthalate esters in wine by ultrasound-vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector or gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry

An Ultrasound-Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Micro-Extraction (USVADLLME) procedure coupled with Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) or Gas Chromatography-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (GC-IT/MS) is proposed for rapid analysis of six phthalate esters in hydroalcoholic beverages (alcohol by volume, alc vol(-1), <= 40%). Under optimal conditions, the enrichment factor of the six analytes ranges from 220- to 300-fold and the recovery from 85% to 100.5%. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) are >= 0.022 mu g L-1 and >= 0.075 mu g L-1, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day precisions expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), are <= 8.2% and <= 7.0%, respectively. The whole proposed methodology has demonstrated to be simple, reproducible and sensible for the determination of trace phthalate esters in red and white wine samples. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.