[1] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China
[2] China Univ Geosci Wuhan, Fac Engn, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China
[3] Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan
[4] Sichuan Univ, Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Inst Disaster Management & Reconstruct, Chengdu 610207, Peoples R China
[5] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Transportat Tunnel Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China
[6] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China
[7] CEA, Crust Deformat Monitoring & Applicat Ctr 1, Tianjin 300180, Peoples R China