High-time resolution and size-segregated elemental composition in high-intensity pyrotechnic exposures

被引:35
作者
Crespo, Javier [1 ]
Yubero, Eduardo [1 ]
Nicolas, Jose F. [1 ]
Lucarelli, Franco [2 ,3 ]
Nava, Silvia [2 ,3 ]
Chiari, Massimo [2 ,3 ]
Calzolai, Giulia [2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Miguel Hernandez, LCA, Area Fis Aplicada, Elche 03202, Spain
[2] Univ Florence, Dept Phys & Astron, I-50019 Florence, Italy
[3] Univ Florence, INFN, I-50019 Florence, Italy
关键词
Pyrotechnic emissions; Air pollution; Metal airborne; PIXE; Aerosol size-distribution; AIR-POLLUTION; PARTICULATE MATTER; DIWALI FESTIVAL; HUMAN HEALTH; COARSE PM10; FIREWORKS; PARTICLES; FINE; DISPLAYS; QUALITY;
D O I
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.09.017
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Typical of festivals in Eastern Spain, mascletas are high-intensity pyrotechnic events where thousands of firecrackers are burnt in an intense, rapid episode that generates short-lived heavy aerosol clouds. High temporal resolution and size distribution characterisation of aerosol components were performed to evaluate the effects of the brief (<30 min) and acute exposure on the spectators present. Very high concentrations of firework specific elements, especially in the fine fraction, were reached during mascletas, with values of about 500 mu g/m(3) for K and 300 mu g/m(3) for Cl. Sr, Al, Mg, Ba, Cu, Co, Zn, and Pb concentration increase factors of more than 100 (1000 for Sr and Ba) were observed in the fine fraction with respect to background levels. Crustal origin elements, like Ca, Fe, Si, Ti, also showed an important concentration rise (similar to 10 times above background levels) but this is due to dust resuspension by pyrotechnic explosions. The crustal components are mainly in the coarse mode (>90% elemental mass), between 2 and 3 mu m. Most firework related metals are concentrated in the submicrometric region (>80%) with a trimodal size distribution. This may be interesting to epidemiologists given the toxic effects that such fine, metal-rich particles can have on human health. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:82 / 91
页数:10
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