Kinematic and kinetic analysis of planned and unplanned gait termination in children

Gait termination is a task which requires people to alter momentum and stabilize the body. To date, many of the kinematic and kinetic characteristics of gait termination have not been reported, making it difficult for clinicians to design interventions to improve the ability to terminate gait quickly and efficiently. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the lower body mechanics of healthy children as they performed walking trials, planned stopping trials, and unplanned stopping trials. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected from 15 healthy children between the ages of 11 and 17 years (14.3 +/- 2.1 years). The timing and magnitude of peak sagittal plane joint angles and moments were compared across the three conditions for the leg that led the stop step. Most differences were found when comparing unplanned stopping to both walking and planned stopping. During unplanned stopping, most subjects used either a hip/knee extension strategy or hip/knee flexion strategy to stabilize and perform the stopping task. The magnitudes of the peak hip extension moment and peak knee flexion angle were significantly greater, while the peak plantarflexion moment was significantly smaller during unplanned stopping than walking and planned stopping. The peak plantarflexion moment occurred significantly earlier during the stop stance phase of planned and unplanned stopping than during walking. This suggests that the ability to create sufficient joint moments in a short period of time is essential to be able to stop quickly and safely. Therefore, possible treatments/interventions should focus on ensuring that patients have appropriate strength, power, and range of motion. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.