Financial Costs of Meeting Global Biodiversity Conservation Targets: Current Spending and Unmet Needs

被引：447

作者：

McCarthy, Donal P. ^{[1
,2
]}

Donald, Paul F. ^{[2
]}

Scharlemann, Joern P. W. ^{[3
,4
]}

Buchanan, Graeme M. ^{[2
]}

Balmford, Andrew ^{[5
]}

Green, Jonathan M. H. ^{[5
,6
]}

Bennun, Leon A. ^{[1
]}

Burgess, Neil D. ^{[5
,7
,8
]}

Fishpool, Lincoln D. C. ^{[1
]}

Garnett, Stephen T. ^{[9
]}

Leonard, David L. ^{[10
]}

Maloney, Richard F. ^{[11
]}

Morling, Paul ^{[2
]}

Schaefer, H. Martin ^{[12
]}

Symes, Andy ^{[1
]}

Wiedenfeld, David A. ^{[13
]}

Butchart, Stuart H. M. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] BirdLife Int, Wellbrook Court, Cambridge CB3 0NA, England

[2] RSPB, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, England

[3] United Nations Environm Programme World Conservat, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England

[4] Univ Sussex, Sch Life Sci, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England

[5] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England

[6] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA

[7] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark

[8] World Wildlife Fund, Conservat Sci Program, Washington, DC 20090 USA

[9] Charles Darwin Univ, Res Inst Environm & Livelihoods, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia

[10] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Div Forestry & Wildlife, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

[11] Dept Conservat, Sci & Tech Grp, Christchurch, New Zealand

[12] Univ Freiburg, Fac Biol, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany

[13] 12 Fishback Court, Warrenton, VA 20186 USA

来源：

SCIENCE | 2012年 / 338卷 / 6109期

关键词：

PROTECTED-AREA; ALLOCATION; RESOURCES; BENEFITS; PROGRESS;

D O I：

10.1126/science.1229803

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

World governments have committed to halting human-induced extinctions and safeguarding important sites for biodiversity by 2020, but the financial costs of meeting these targets are largely unknown. We estimate the cost of reducing the extinction risk of all globally threatened bird species (by >= 1 International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List category) to be U. S. $0.875 to $1.23 billion annually over the next decade, of which 12% is currently funded. Incorporating threatened nonavian species increases this total to U. S. $3.41 to $4.76 billion annually. We estimate that protecting and effectively managing all terrestrial sites of global avian conservation significance (11,731 Important Bird Areas) would cost U. S. $65.1 billion annually. Adding sites for other taxa increases this to U. S. $76.1 billion annually. Meeting these targets will require conservation funding to increase by at least an order of magnitude.

引用

页码：946 / 949

页数：4

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