A fractional order fuzzy PID for load frequency control of four-area interconnected power system using biogeography-based optimization

In this study, a fractional order fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (FOFPID) controller is designed for load frequency control of four-area interconnected power systems. The model of system consists of three reheat thermal turbine units (Area1, Area2, and Area3) and one hydro power plant (Area4). Therefore, the proposed controller (with same and different parameters) is employed for the first three zones, and different controller parameters are considered for Area4 due to existence of hydro turbine. In order to minimize frequency and power tie-line deviations in the system, biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm is utilized to tune controller parameters. Finally, the proposed technique is compared with three different controllers including PID, fuzzy PID (FPID), and fractional order PID. For a fair comparison, the parameters of aforesaid controllers are also tuned by BBO algorithm. The results of different simulation cases indicate that the FOFPID controller has a superior performance and transient response compared with the other approaches against various load disturbances.