Exploring the molecular basis for the metal-mediated assembly of alginate gels

The binding of sodium and calcium ions to single and multiple poly-G decamer strands has been modelled by conducting a series of molecular dynamics simulations. Implications for metal mediated inter-strand interactions and gel assembly have been explored by systematically introducing up to three strands into each of these simulations. A particular emphasis has been placed on revealing intrinsic binding modes by an unbiased initial positioning of the metal ions. The results have revealed binding modes that provide a rationale for the observed gelling of alginate by calcium rather than sodium ions. A number of junction zones involving calcium ions have been identified that result in chain aggregation. This includes a distinctive perpendicular motif that appears to be ubiquitous in previously reported AFM images of open 3-D alginate networks. The coordination geometries of the metal ions have been characterised and the metal-mediated junctions between associated strands are described in detail. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.